Foundation Course for Class 11

The foundation course for Class 11 is a preparatory program for students who are planning to take up the CBSE board exams for Class 12. This course is designed to provide students with a strong foundation in the subjects they will be studying in Class 11, such as Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, and Biology. The Sarthak course covers all the important concepts and topics in these subjects, and is designed to help students develop the skills and knowledge they need to succeed in their Class 11 exams. The course is typically taught by experienced teachers who are familiar with the CBSE curriculum and are able to provide students with valuable guidance and support. Additionally, students who complete the Foundation Course for Class 11 may be better prepared for the more challenging coursework they will encounter in Class 12.

The foundation course for class 11 is a preparatory program for students who wish to pursue their higher education in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. The course aims to provide students with a solid foundation in mathematics and science, which are the backbone of these fields. The curriculum is designed to help students develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical skills, as well as a strong understanding of the basic concepts in mathematics and science. The course typically covers topics such as algebra, geometry, trigonometry, physics, chemistry, and biology. The goal is to prepare students for the rigors of advanced coursework in these fields, and to set them up for success in their future studies and careers.

Force and Pressure Notes for Class 8

 Science in class 8 is a fantastic subject that lays a solid basis for the kids to build upon as they move on to higher grades. There is a chapter on pressure and force in this syllabus. The eleventh chapter will go over what force is and how many different kinds there are. With the help of suitable examples, you will understand how force is produced in this chapter. Students must learn this chapter of physics because it is so basic. So that you can simplify the new concepts and concentrate on building your knowledge base, you will need the help of the Chapter Force and Pressure Class 8 revision notes.

The knowledgeable instructors at Sarthak are aware of the difficulties that pupils have understanding these novel ideas. To make these ideas simple to understand and apply to questions, they have utilised terminology that is easier to understand. Let's see how these review notes can help your understanding and retention of the brand-new concepts of force and pressure.

Important topics covered in Force and Pressure notes:

• Pre Knowledge
• Force
• Effect of force
• Contact force
• Non-contact forces
• Magnetic forces
• Electrostatic forces
• Gravitational force
• Pressure
• Pressure Exerted by Liquids and Gases
• Atmospheric Pressure

Pre-knowledge about force:

• Different actions which we perform in our day-to-day life are playing, lifting weight, pushing, picking, pulling etc. creates change in position of the object.
• We observe different types of motion in object after this task.

Force:

• Push or pull on any object is said to be force.
• Push: When an object moves away from the applier of force, the object is said to be pushed.
• Pull: When object moves towards the direction of application of force than object is said to be pulled.
• Simply, we can define force as the physical cause which either changes or try to change the position, shape, size of any object.
• The interaction of one object with the other also leads to the force between them.
• The magnitude and direction of force decides the effect of force.

Effect and application of force

• When force is applied in the direction of motion of body then it adds up to the actual force.
• When force is applied in opposite direction of motion of a body then net force is the difference of the two forces.
• Force can cause a body to move from rest.
• A moving body can be brought to rest after the application of force.
• Application of force can change the direction of moving body.
• It can change the speed of a moving body.
• It can also change the shape and size of body.

Contact forces

Those forces which cause its effect by making contact with the object is said to be contact force. Some contact forces are given below. Take a look at it:

Muscular force

• Force which involves the action of muscles.
• Human, as well as animals, use muscular force to perform various tasks.
• By muscular force, a bullock is able to pull a cart.

Friction

• To oppose the relative motion between two surfaces, when one surface is moving over the other a force which acts is said to be friction.
• Friction always opposes motion because it acts in opposite direction to motion.
• There would be no friction if there is no contact between two surfaces.
• Frictional force also depends upon the nature of the contact surface.

Non-contact force:

The force which can cause effect without making a contact with object is said to be non-contact forces. Let’s take a look at the different types of non-contact forces.

Magnetic Force:

• The force applied by a magnet on any magnetic object is said to be magnetic force.
• A magnet can exert its force on an object even from a distance and does not need to touch that object.
• Iron, steel, cobalt etc. are some magnetic objects.
• The magnetic force may be attractive or repulsive.

Electrostatic force:

• The force which is produced due to electric charges is called electrostatic forces.
• This force exerted by a charged body on another charged or uncharged body
• Electrostatic force can also be attractive or repulsive.

Gravitational force:

• Every object in the universe exerts a force on another object and this force is called gravitational force.
• The celestial bodies keep their defined position in the space due to the gravitational force of celestial bodies.
• It is attractive in nature and cause due to mass of the body.
• Any object, when thrown upwards, falls down to the earth’s surface due to gravitational force.

Pressure

• Force acting per unit area is called pressure.
• Pressure = \(\frac{force}{Surface\:Area\:on\:which\:it\:acts}\)
• The unit of pressure is N/m². We can also call it Pascal.
• Pressure is directly proportional to force.
• Area of surface is inversely proportional to pressure. So smaller the surface, higher will be its pressure.
• Liquids exert a force on the wall of container and effect of pressure increases with depth.
• At same depth in the container, the pressure is the same.
• Gases also exert pressure on the walls of their container.

Fluid: Pressure Exerted by Liquid and Gases

• Those substances which can flow is said to be fluid.
• Fluids include liquids as well as gases.
• At same depth, fluid exerts equal pressure.

Atmospheric Pressure

• This envelope of air surrounding the earth is known as the atmosphere.
• Atmospheric air extends up too many km’s above the earth’s surface.
• The pressure exerted by the air on any surface is known as atmospheric pressure.

Friction Notes for Class 8

 Friction is the resistance that any object encounters as it moves across or through a surface or another medium. Without frictional force, an object would either not start moving or, if it was already moving, then not stop. The notes for Class 8 Science Chapter 12 go into detail into the numerous facets of friction that we encounter every day. Students can access free CBSE Solutions (NCERT) and other study materials on the platform Sarthak. If you're a math student looking for better answers, you can download the Class 8 MathsNCERT Solutions to help you review the entire syllabus and do better on test day.

Important topics Covered in Friction Notes for Class 8:

·         Introduction

·         Friction

·         Factors affecting friction

·         Friction: A Necessary Evil

·         Increasing and reducing friction

·         Fluid Friction

·         Rolling Friction

·         Sliding Friction

Static Friction Introduction:

·         In our day-to-day life, we see several situations which use application of friction.

·         A vehicle slows down when a brake is applied.

·         A ball rolling on the ground stops after sometime.

·         The tire of vehicle wears down after its regular usage.

·         These are some applications of friction.

Friction:

·         When one surface is moving over another surface, a force which opposes the relative motion between the two is called friction.

·         The force of friction always opposes the force applied to it.

·         There will be no friction if there is no contact between the surfaces.

Factors affecting

·         The irregularities of the two contact surfaces are the cause of friction.

·         No surface is perfectly smooth in this universe.

·         Even some surfaces that look smooth to our naked eye actually look rough or bumpy when we see it under a microscope.

·         Smooth surfaces cause lesser friction whereas rough surfaces cause greater friction.

·         If the force applied is more, greater will be the friction.

·         Greater is the mass of object greater will be the friction.

·         The force of sliding friction is always less than static friction. Rolling friction is less than sliding friction.

Friction: A Necessary Evil

·         Some disadvantage of frictions is given by:

·         More heat energy is dissipated from engine due to friction between surfaces in motion.

·         A large amount of energy is lost in pulling objects on a rough surface.

·         Shoes soles and tires wear after usage.

·         It causes moving objects to stop or slow down.

·         It also causes wear and tear of moving machinery parts.

Free NEET Online Crash Course 2023 launches by Sarthaks eConnect

Sarthak eConnect, a Bangalore-based company, announced its free NEET online crash course. Sarthak eConnect is an application developed by an IITANS former student, and the free crash course will begin in February 2023. The top scorers from Indian prestigious organizations will go live on a daily basis and demonstrate various subjects for the NEETOnline Crash Course 2023. Read on to learn more about this compressed lesson and how to apply for this crash course.

The crash course is intended to provide students with the final details on their NEET 2023 preparation, which is quickly approaching. This year's NEET tests are scheduled for May. For 40 days, top rankers from various All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) will lead-free online classes covering the entire NEET Exam 2023 syllabus.

The online Crash Course will provide quick preparation and the final catch-up on the important subjects for NEET 2023.

NEET Exam 2023 Session is only months away. It's an ideal opportunity to prepare your arrangements and stuff up to beat the best. We are glad to declare a 160 Hours online Crash Course on SarthakeConnect, with top faculty!!

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JEE Main Online Mock Test 2023

The National Testing Agency (NTA) will most likely release the official JEE Main Exam 2023 notification in March 2023. JEE Main is one of the most popular engineering entrance exams in India, and practicing with the Free JEE Main Online Mock Test will help you pass the exam with higher scores.

JEE Main attracts a large number of engineering candidates from across the country. JEE Main Online Mock Test benefits candidates in a variety of ways, such as by improving their time management, and so on. In this article, we will cover all of the fundamentals.

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Start your JEE Main preparation by stepping through the JEE Main Mock Test of the most recent JEE Main Exam Pattern 2023 arranged by top subject matter experts and IITians at Test.sarthaks.com. Solve JEE Main practice paper to break the JEE Main Exam with a high score. Furthermore, utilize Test.sarthaks.com Artificial Intelligence-fueled to arrive at your fullest potential.

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NCERT Solutions Class 10 Maths Chapter 2 Polynomials

We have provided a very organized and precise solution to all of the queries mentioned in NCERT Solutions Class 10 Maths Chapter 2 Polynomials. Sarthaks' subject matter expert creates these solutions. This NCERT solution is your one-stop bookshop for all types of doubt resolution and concept clarification. We have made the solution as clear and simple as possible for all learners. Innovative methods are used in the website's development. To make concepts more intuitive for students, detailed diagrams, flow charts, tips and tricks, and shortcuts are used. We have provided answers to exercise questions as well as in-text questions.

In this NCERT Solutions Class 10 Math's Chapter 2 Polynomial, we can learn about various Polynomial topics such as:

·        Polynomial

·        Monomial, Binomial, Trinomials

·        Degree in Polynomial

·        Linear, Quadratic, and Cubic Polynomial

·        Zeros of a Polynomials

·        Analysis of Graphs

·        Finding the Number of Zeros using Graphs

·        Zeros of Polynomial

·        Relationship between Zeros and Coefficients

·        Dividing Two Polynomials

·        Division Algorithm

Our NCERT SolutionsClass 10 Maths is the best way to help students understand the fundamentals of this chapter, prepare for CBSE exams, and prepare for competitive exams such as JEE Mains, JEE Advance, and other similar exams. We have explained various equations and related topics to help students understand concepts. Our solutions can be used to gain a better understanding, clear concepts, revise concepts, and clear doubts. Our experts advise that ample practice of topic-related questions will help students score well in the examination. These solutions are presented in a step-by-step format.

NCERT Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 6 Thermodynamics

Class 11 Chemistry NCERT Solutions Chapter 6 Thermodynamics is an excellent way to learn the solutions to the given chapter's problems. Our NCERT Solutions are solved and prepared by subject matter experts.

Our NCERT Solutions Class 11 contains all of the solutions that students require. We have provided detailed analysis and solutions for each concept, such as: 

·        Thermodynamics is the scientific study of the relationship between heat, work, temperature, and energy.

·        Thermodynamic terms - The following are examples of common thermodynamic terms: Work is the energy required to move or lift a weight over a unit distance. Temperature is defined as the quantifiable difference between warm and cold objects.

o   Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of any substance by one degree Celsius.

o   When two chemicals react, they either give off heat (exothermic reaction) or require heat (endothermic reaction) (endothermic reaction).

o   Electrical energy is the energy associated with electron flow through a conductor.

o   Energy is defined as the ability to perform any task. Potential energy, kinetic energy, thermal energy, chemical energy, and nuclear energy are all types of energy.

o   Enthalpy is an energy unit that combines internal energy with a pressure/volume or flow work term.

o   Entropy is the degree of randomization or disorder as a property of matter.

o   Heat is the movement of energy caused by a temperature difference.

o   Internal energy is the activity within the molecular structure that is typically measured using temperature.

o   Kinetic energy is the energy generated by the motion of any object.

o   Nuclear energy is the energy contained within atoms and their fundamental particles. Nuclear energy can be obtained in two ways. Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion are two different processes.

o   Potential energy is the energy possessed by any particle as a result of its position, height, or shape.

·        Gibbs Energy Change and Equilibrium - The free energy change (G) is the difference between the heat released during a process and the heat released during reversible reactions. G = 0 if the system is in equilibrium.

Our NCERT Solutions Class 11 Chemistry is one of the best ways to prepare for important exams such as the CBSE board, and state boards, and difficult competitive exams such as JEE Mains, JEE Advance, NTSE, and Olympiad.